What effect does glycolic acid have on the skin?

Glycolic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from sugar cane and is widely used in skincare due to its powerful exfoliating properties. When applied to the skin, glycolic acid penetrates the outer layer, loosening the bonds between dead skin cells. This process facilitates the shedding of these cells and promotes the turnover of new skin, leading to a fresher and smoother complexion.

The exfoliation induced by glycolic acid encourages the skin to regenerate, which can help reduce the appearance of fine lines, uneven skin texture, and hyperpigmentation. This makes it particularly beneficial for those dealing with issues such as acne scars or sun damage. The increased cell turnover can also enhance the overall radiance of the skin, as newer skin cells are typically healthier and more vibrant.

While glycolic acid does provide some hydration benefits and may contribute to improved skin firmness and texture over time, its primary and most notable effect is its ability to exfoliate and thereby promote cell turnover. It is not primarily known for protecting against UV damage, which is more effectively addressed through sunscreens and ingredients specifically designed for sun protection.